Educational psychology, in turn, informs a extensive range of specialties within instructional studies, together with instructional design, instructional technology, curriculum growth, organizational learning, special education and classroom administration. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of academic psychology are usually housed within colleges of education, probably accounting for the shortage of representation of instructional psychology content material in introductory psychology textbooks (Lucas, Blazek, & Raley, 2006). Formal education occurs in a structured surroundings whose express purpose is instructing college students. Usually, formal education takes place in a college setting with classrooms of a quantity of college students learning together with a trained, licensed trainer of the topic. Most school systems are designed round a set of values or ideals that govern all academic decisions in that system.

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